Immunohistochemical studies
Immunohistochemistry is used to identify specific molecules in cells or tissues, enabling the diagnosis and differentiation of tumor pathologies, as well as the identification of functional abnormalities and certain degenerative processes. This is achieved through the binding of labeled antibodies to tissue and cellular antigens. Immunohistochemistry revolutionized cancer diagnostics, prompted the revision of many classifications, and paved the way for targeted antitumor therapy.
Immunohistochemistry has been performed at CCPB since 2005. Currently, the laboratory has over 130 antibodies, allowing it to address most diagnostic issues.
The main objectives of IHC research are:
Establishing Tumor Histogenesis and Organogenesis
Standard histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining often makes it difficult to determine the tumor's origin. Immunohistochemical examination in this case allows for differential diagnosis and precise nosological identification.
Detection of GATA3 antigen indicates metastatic breast cancer rather than primary gastric cancer
Identifying specific targets for targeted drug therapy
This category includes identifying sex hormone receptors (ER, PR) and the epidermal growth factor Her2-neu in breast cancer, as well as various clusters of differentiation in lymphomas. The list of targeted targets is constantly expanding, allowing for the targeted destruction of tumor cells without affecting healthy tissue.
Detection of various pathogens in tissues
Immunohistochemical testing allows for the detection of antigens of herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV), polyomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Helicobacter pylori.
Pronounced nuclear expression of SV-40 in polyomavirus-infected renal tubular cells
Depending on the morphological picture, a single or a whole panel of diagnostic antibodies may be prescribed for a single case. The spectrum of antibodies used is determined by a morphologist. Sequential antibody panels, ranging from more general to more specific, are often used. Typically, immunohistochemical testing takes no more than 4-5 business days.
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